Black absorbs heat where as white can reflect it. Black things absorb every wavelength of visible light that falls onto it which is why it appears black and not a colour. This absorption causes the black thing to become hot. White things reflect every wavelength of light.
To add to Katherine’s answer, the light we get from the sunlight is a form of radiation (or energy in simple terms) so as the black absorbs the light it is absorbing the energy from the sun and the only way it can get rid of it is to emit it as heat.
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